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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Many people use medication to manage anxiety, but they're not the only option. Psychotherapy and exercise can be effective treatments. Certain antidepressants are effective in treating anxiety as well, such as SSRIs such as citalopram (Celexa) and Escitalopram (Lexapro), the fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Other medications, like histamine blockers such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) may also help relieve anxiety. Antidepressants Your doctor might prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants, one of the most commonly prescribed medications, come in many different types. The type of antidepressant that your provider prescribes will depend on your symptoms, any other medical conditions, and the goals of your treatment. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. They work by altering the way nerve cells in your brain communicate. They do this by increasing the amount of certain neurotransmitters that improves mood and anxiety. It could take up to several weeks before antidepressants begin to work, so be patient. Benzodiazepines are another option your doctor could recommend to treat anxiety and depression. They are extremely fast-acting drugs and are used as a short-term solution to ease the immediate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Examples of benzodiazepines include lorazepam and alprazolam. They block the actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that are involved in the body's fight or flight. Monoamine oxidase inhibiters are an antidepressant of a different type that can be effective for treating anxiety and depression. They're typically reserved for people who aren't able to respond to other antidepressants. They also require dietary changes to avoid hypertensive reactions triggered by interactions with amino acids like tyramine. If you're taking an antidepressant prescription, tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking, such as supplements and vitamins. You may have to decrease the dosage if other medications are affecting how well antidepressants function or if they cause adverse effects. Seek help immediately if you have thoughts of suicide. There are many signs of anxiety and depression, or you could have a combination of depression and anxiety. Those with comorbid depression and anxiety suffer from a worse medical prognosis than people who suffer from either disorder on their own. Certain psychiatric medications have been proven to be particularly effective in treating both disorders in those with a comorbidity of anxiety and depression. Benzodiazepines Anxiety symptoms can be relieved by drugs known as benzodiazepines. They include alprazolam (Xanax), the clonazepam (Klonopin) and chlordiazepoxide (Librium), diazepam (Valium) and lorazepam (Ativan). These drugs act on the central nervous system's benzodiazepine receptors which are protein molecules consisting of five transmembrane subunits which form a benzyl chloride channel in the center. The benzodiazepine-receptors also possess a site that binds the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA A (GABA A). The benzodiazepines decrease nerve activity by increasing the levels of GABA-A. The Benzodiazepines are famous for their rapid onset, but also high risks of dependence and addiction. Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and buspirone have a longer time to take effect, however they are the best choice for long-term use because they don't cause tolerance or create addiction. Depression and anxiety disorders are often comorbid, and antidepressants can reduce depressive symptoms that are associated with anxiety. However, many sufferers of depression experience a combination of depressive and anxious symptoms and require a combination of medication and talk therapy to control all of their symptoms. In these cases benzodiazepines are utilized for brief intervals of time to control depression and anxiety symptoms until other medications take effect. These medications are usually prescribed for a brief period of time, but not daily. Taking benzodiazepines for extended periods of time may cause withdrawal symptoms, like shaking and trouble sleeping and waking up, so these medications should only be used according to the instructions of your physician. If you're thinking of taking benzodiazepines in the future, inform your doctor about any prior substance abuse or dependence issues and any other mental health problems you may have. Your doctor can talk to you about possible adverse effects, and suggest other medications if needed to treat depression. Benzodiazepines can create serious and even life-threatening complications when you take too much or haven't used them before. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if you have a history with liver disease or other digestive or respiratory diseases or liver disease, your doctor might limit the duration of treatment or recommend lower doses. Alcohol can interact negatively with benzodiazepines, increasing the risk of side effects and dependence. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking these medicines. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a medicine that can be used to help control anxiety symptoms. They are a form of medication that is different from benzodiazepines such as Xanax and they block the receptors to which adrenaline binds. They also slow brain and nervous system functions. They can be an alternative to benzodiazepines that are more prone to the chance of dependence and addiction. Beta blockers, which lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate, are often prescribed to treat heart ailments. They can also be beneficial for treating anxiety. They are not FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorders. They are frequently used “off label” for this purpose and are a great alternative when other anti-anxiety medications don't provide relief or do not have acceptable adverse effects. They are especially effective in cases of social anxiety and performance anxiety, where uncomfortable symptoms can arise when you are experiencing events that trigger anxiety. They can also be used in conjunction with other treatment options like CBT or SSRIs. They are especially effective as an additional therapy for people suffering from GAD which is characterised by constant and persistent anxiety that interferes with daily life activities. They can also assist in managing physical symptoms of anxiety, such as the racing heart or the increased sweating. Beta-blockers may help alleviate physical symptoms of anxiety, they cannot tackle the psychological issues that contribute to the condition. They are best used to complement other treatments, like benzodiazepines and SSRIs. It is important to discuss your medical history and any other health concerns with your doctor prior to taking beta-blockers. These drugs are associated with lower psychiatric admissions as well as suicidal behavior, however the outcomes can differ based on the specific psychiatric diagnosis and the psychiatric history of the past. In some patients, they could increase the risk of heart attacks. There are some natural products that have beta-blocker properties, but they are not as effective as prescription medications. They include antioxidants, garlic, the saffron plant, and potassium. These natural products are not completely comprehended. Certain of these products could cause serious adverse side effects, so it's best to consult with a physician before taking them. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are used to alter the way your brain works. They interfere with the function of an enzyme known as monoamine oxidase. It breaks down the chemical norepinephrine and serotonin, which enable brain cells to communicate with one other. By blocking monoamine oxide, MAOIs allow more of these chemical messengers to remain in your brain. This improves brain cell communication, and improves your mood. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders. This includes agoraphobia mixed depression and anxiety states. However, they are less efficient in the case of anxiety that is pure and might not help with panic attacks. The effectiveness of MAOIs has been linked to their capacity to increase serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine levels inside the brain. These neurotransmitters, produced naturally in the body and released into bloodstreams where they travel to nerves cells and serve as messengers. Iproniazid was the very first antidepressant to be developed in the year 1950. It blocked monoamine oxidease. This led to the development of other MAOIs like tranylcypromine or isocarboxazid. These have been used for a long time to help treat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. Because they can cause interactions with food and drugs, and could cause serious withdrawal syndrome if they are stopped suddenly, MAOIs are typically only prescribed to patients who are unable to respond to other treatments. A newer version of MAOI, dubbed an irreversible and selective MAO-A inhibitor, is being studied for use in treating resistant depression. It is not recommended to be used in bipolar disorder as it may cause manic symptoms. Selegiline, a more recent MAOI (also called Eldepryl or Zelapar), has been studied for treatment of Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidese but does not affect other enzymes that break down levodopa – the primary treatment for Parkinson's. disorders anxiety can be used either alone or in combination with other antidepressants. In certain patients, MAOIs may cause a reaction that results in increased neuromuscular excitability and hyper-reflexia. This can manifest as muscle twitching or eyelid twitching. These reactions are more prevalent when these medications are taken together with certain foods like aged cheeses and preserved meats.